Name
ftok - convert a pathname and a project identifier to a System V IPC keyLibrary
Standard C library ( libc ", " -lc )Synopsis
#include <sys/ipc.h>
key_t ftok(const char *" pathname ", int proj_id );
Description
The ftok() function uses the identity of the file named by the given pathname (which must refer to an existing, accessible file) and the least significant 8 bits of proj_id (which must be nonzero) to generate a key_t type System V IPC key, suitable for use with msgget(2), semget(2), or shmget(2).The resulting value is the same for all pathnames that name the same file, when the same value of proj_id is used. The value returned should be different when the (simultaneously existing) files or the project IDs differ.
Return Value
On success, the generated key_t value is returned. On failure -1 is returned, with errno indicating the error as for the stat(2) system call.Attributes
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).| Interface | Attribute | Value |
| T} | Thread safety | MT-Safe |
Standards
POSIX.1-2008.History
POSIX.1-2001.Notes
On some ancient systems, the prototype was:key_t ftok(char *" pathname ", char proj_id );
Today, proj_id is an int, but still only 8 bits are used. Typical usage has an ASCII character proj_id, that is why the behavior is said to be undefined when proj_id is zero.
Of course, no guarantee can be given that the resulting key_t is unique. Typically, a best-effort attempt combines the given proj_id byte, the lower 16 bits of the inode number, and the lower 8 bits of the device number into a 32-bit result. Collisions may easily happen, for example between files on /dev/hda1 and files on /dev/sda1.